Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma
Allergic rhinitis is characterized by symptoms such as sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itching, and nasal congestion when exposed to allergens. These allergens cause an immune response in the nose passages. This causes inflammation and the release of chemicals like histamine.
When allergic rhinitis becomes chronic it is called perennial allergic rhinitis. Dust mites are the most common cause of perennial allergic rhinitis, but it can be caused by any allergen that you are exposed to year-round. The other most common causes are pet dander like cats and dogs.
Allergic asthma is an inflammatory condition of the respiratory tract where the airways become inflamed and narrow in response to allergens, causing symptoms like wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
Some conditions may co-exist with allergic rhinitis:
- Allergic conjunctivitis
- Eustachian tube dysfunction
- Fatigue
- Learning differences
- Otitis media
- Sleep disorders
- Chronic sinusitis
- Nasal polyps
Common allergens
Allergens that cause respiratory allergies in other parts of the world can also trigger airway allergies in Singapore. Pollen from grass, trees, and weeds, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander, and cockroach allergens are the common allergens in the air that can cause airway allergies. The most common allergens for in this hot and humid region are dust mites.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of airway allergies typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and may include allergy testing such as skin prick tests or blood tests. These tests help identify specific allergens that are causing the allergic reactions.
Management and treatment
Management of airway allergies involves a combination of allergen avoidance, medication, and, in some cases, immunotherapy. Avoiding exposure to allergens, using nasal sprays and nasal irrigation, antihistamines to control symptoms, and using inhalers or other asthma medications for allergic asthma are common approaches. Immunotherapy, such as allergy shots (SCIT) or sublingual (SLIT), may be recommended for individuals with severe or persistent symptoms.
Here are some strategies to reduce allergen exposure:
- Adding a dehumidifier for those with dust mites allergy
- Cleaning and vacuuming living spaces on a regular basis
- Avoiding pets or limiting their access to bedrooms
- Replacing carpet with another type of flooring
- Deep cleaning rugs, furniture, and other areas of your home affected by allergens
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy, in the form of subcutaneous, SCIT or sublingual (under the tongue), SLIT, may be an option for some people with persistent allergic rhinitis. It is a long-term treatment option that can change your body’s immune response to develop tolerance to the substance that causes your allergy.
Sublingual immunotherapy, SLIT, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is available for allergens like ragweed, grass, dogs, cats, and dust mites. They come in different preparations including tablet, drops and spray. It can be customized for each person.
SLIT therapy is more convenient than shots since it can be taken at home, and it is less likely to cause severe adverse reactions. Your response to immunotherapy may vary and could range from a complete cure of your symptoms to minimal improvement. Research studies have shown that this treatment is beneficial and cost-effective.
Consultation with healthcare professionals
If you suspect you have airway allergies or are experiencing symptoms like nasal congestion, sneezing, wheezing, or shortness of breath, it is recommended to consult with an allergist or healthcare professional. They can provide an accurate diagnosis by identifying the trigger and allergens, develop a personalized treatment plan, and offer guidance on managing your specific condition.
